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Investigation of the Dome-Like and Arched Structures with Sustainable Masonry in Sassanid Architecture (Case Study: Mushkan Fire Temple)

Received: 4 February 2021     Accepted: 17 March 2021     Published: 24 August 2021
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Abstract

Architecture and structures’ sustainability date back to several thousand years ago in Iran. Iranian architecture has created countless historical buildings in a vast territory in the course of centuries and it has been able to solve complex structural problems and create magnificent architectural masterpieces. The structures of the roofs, domes and mosques and other edifices are all signs of the proper interaction between the architectural principles and structural behavior therein. Iran’s Islamic architecture is the natural continuation of the Sassanid Era’s architecture and the recognition and study of it can pave the way for us to identify the Islamic period’s architecture and its various aspects. Sassanids’ architecture was highly capable of erecting vaulted and dome-like covers on square substructures and their method of constructing domes was spread and continued in various regions. Moreover, the effect of religion in the architectural designing of this period and the existence of Zoroastrianism caused the creation of different fire temples the remnants of which have been found in Fars, Kermanshah, Ilam, Kerman, Khorasan and other provinces. The present study investigates Mushkan fire temple as a case study in Chardavol County. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the objective of investigating the structural stability and method of the construction of four-dome and vaulted structures in Sassanids’ era through the use of library resources and documents and also by relying on a descriptive-analytical method and field studies. The results obtained from the present study indicated that the use of sustainable masonry, including stone, lime-ash or sand plaster and gypsum, as well as methods of constructing four-dome structures and vaults and dissipation of force on four pillars are amongst the reasons for the structural stability in Mushkan Fire Temple.

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11
Page(s) 46-55
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Structural Stability, Vault, Dome, Sassanids, Mushkan Fire Temple

References
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[2] Ashrafi, Roshanak, [2013], “Iranian dome and its position in Islamic architecture”, accessible in http://www.islamicartz.com
[3] Tajvidi, Akbar, [1984], “continuation in Iranian architecture”, v. 1, by the efforts of Asiyeh Javadi, Tehran, Mojarrad, pp. 11-25.
[4] Hejazi, Mehrdad and Mirghaderi, Rasoul, [2004], “seismic analysis of the Iranian domes”, journal of technical faculty, v. 8, no. 6.
[5] Darya’ei, Touraj, [2009], “Iranshahr’s counties”, tr. Shahram Jalilian, Tehran, Tus.
[6] Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, [1993], “Dehkhoda Dictionary”, under the supervision of Mohammad Mo’ein and Sayed Ja’afar Shahidi, Tehran, Tehran University Press.
[7] Reuther, Oscar, [2008], “the history of Sassanid Era’s architecture: an investigation of Iranian art”, by the efforts of Arthur Pope and Phillips Akerman, Tehran, scientific and cultural, pp. 639-710.
[8] Shipman, Clarus, [2005], “basics of Sassanids’ history”, tr. Kaykavus Jahandari, Tehran, farzan.
[9] Zia’a Abadi, Arash, [2007], “Karbandi [formulating geometry], the birthplace of the space-frame structures”, the 2nd national conference on the space-frame structures”, Tehran, Tehran University, Faculty of Architecture, fine arts campus.
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[13] Mardomi, Karim; Soheylifard, Mahdi and Agha Azizi Majid, [2015], “consistency of the structure and architecture in line with optimal siting of the supports by the use of genetic algorithm [case study: free-form covers designed based on Iranian knot geometry]”, Naghsh-e-Jahan, no. 10.
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[16] Huff, Dietrich, [1987], “domes in Islamic architecture”, trs. Keramatollah Afsar and Muhammad Yusuf Kiani, about Islamic period’s Iranian architecture, by the efforts of Yusuf Kiani, University Jihad, pp. 397-414.
[17] Boyce, M., [1975], “On the Zoroastrian Temple Cult of Fire”, JAOS 95, PP. 464- 465.
[18] Huff. D, [1987], “Architecture II, Sassanian Period”, Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. II, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and New York, pp. 329-334.
[19] Godard, A., 1938, “Les monuments du feu”, Athar-e Iran, p. 12.
[20] Keall. E. J, [1989], “Ayvan [or Tagh]-Khosrow”, Encyclopedia Iranica, vol. III, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and New York, pp. 155-159.
[21] Neumann, R., Et Ali, [1965], Takht-i Suleiman und Zendan-i Suleiman, VorläufigerBerichtüber die- Ausgrabungen in den Jahre 1963 und 1964, AA 1965, pp. 621-623.
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  • APA Style

    Mohamad Masoud Ghiabi. (2021). Investigation of the Dome-Like and Arched Structures with Sustainable Masonry in Sassanid Architecture (Case Study: Mushkan Fire Temple). Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 6(3), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11

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    ACS Style

    Mohamad Masoud Ghiabi. Investigation of the Dome-Like and Arched Structures with Sustainable Masonry in Sassanid Architecture (Case Study: Mushkan Fire Temple). Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2021, 6(3), 46-55. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11

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    AMA Style

    Mohamad Masoud Ghiabi. Investigation of the Dome-Like and Arched Structures with Sustainable Masonry in Sassanid Architecture (Case Study: Mushkan Fire Temple). Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2021;6(3):46-55. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11,
      author = {Mohamad Masoud Ghiabi},
      title = {Investigation of the Dome-Like and Arched Structures with Sustainable Masonry in Sassanid Architecture (Case Study: Mushkan Fire Temple)},
      journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {46-55},
      doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210603.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20210603.11},
      abstract = {Architecture and structures’ sustainability date back to several thousand years ago in Iran. Iranian architecture has created countless historical buildings in a vast territory in the course of centuries and it has been able to solve complex structural problems and create magnificent architectural masterpieces. The structures of the roofs, domes and mosques and other edifices are all signs of the proper interaction between the architectural principles and structural behavior therein. Iran’s Islamic architecture is the natural continuation of the Sassanid Era’s architecture and the recognition and study of it can pave the way for us to identify the Islamic period’s architecture and its various aspects. Sassanids’ architecture was highly capable of erecting vaulted and dome-like covers on square substructures and their method of constructing domes was spread and continued in various regions. Moreover, the effect of religion in the architectural designing of this period and the existence of Zoroastrianism caused the creation of different fire temples the remnants of which have been found in Fars, Kermanshah, Ilam, Kerman, Khorasan and other provinces. The present study investigates Mushkan fire temple as a case study in Chardavol County. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the objective of investigating the structural stability and method of the construction of four-dome and vaulted structures in Sassanids’ era through the use of library resources and documents and also by relying on a descriptive-analytical method and field studies. The results obtained from the present study indicated that the use of sustainable masonry, including stone, lime-ash or sand plaster and gypsum, as well as methods of constructing four-dome structures and vaults and dissipation of force on four pillars are amongst the reasons for the structural stability in Mushkan Fire Temple.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    T1  - Investigation of the Dome-Like and Arched Structures with Sustainable Masonry in Sassanid Architecture (Case Study: Mushkan Fire Temple)
    AU  - Mohamad Masoud Ghiabi
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    AB  - Architecture and structures’ sustainability date back to several thousand years ago in Iran. Iranian architecture has created countless historical buildings in a vast territory in the course of centuries and it has been able to solve complex structural problems and create magnificent architectural masterpieces. The structures of the roofs, domes and mosques and other edifices are all signs of the proper interaction between the architectural principles and structural behavior therein. Iran’s Islamic architecture is the natural continuation of the Sassanid Era’s architecture and the recognition and study of it can pave the way for us to identify the Islamic period’s architecture and its various aspects. Sassanids’ architecture was highly capable of erecting vaulted and dome-like covers on square substructures and their method of constructing domes was spread and continued in various regions. Moreover, the effect of religion in the architectural designing of this period and the existence of Zoroastrianism caused the creation of different fire temples the remnants of which have been found in Fars, Kermanshah, Ilam, Kerman, Khorasan and other provinces. The present study investigates Mushkan fire temple as a case study in Chardavol County. Therefore, the present study has been conducted with the objective of investigating the structural stability and method of the construction of four-dome and vaulted structures in Sassanids’ era through the use of library resources and documents and also by relying on a descriptive-analytical method and field studies. The results obtained from the present study indicated that the use of sustainable masonry, including stone, lime-ash or sand plaster and gypsum, as well as methods of constructing four-dome structures and vaults and dissipation of force on four pillars are amongst the reasons for the structural stability in Mushkan Fire Temple.
    VL  - 6
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Author Information
  • Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Technical University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

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